by Keith Ashley, Personhood Kansas
During a trip to Kansas, just prior to the Civil War, President Lincoln described the territory as being in a state of "almost continual struggles, fire, and bloodshed." Indeed, the era would come to be known as “Bleeding Kansas” due to the skirmishes between John Brown’s abolitionists and the pro-slavery “Border Ruffians.”
The unrest resulted in a political struggle for the state as well. On three separate occasions, the divided factions attempted to ratify state constitutions--two of which were eventually overruled by the citizens of Kansas and the third rejected by the federal government. In 1859, a fourth and final constitutional convention was called--this time the delegates gathered in Wyandotte. They began work on a Bill of Rights, and the first order of business was Section 1 which in its original form read, “All men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending their lives and liberties, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and of seeking and obtaining happiness and safety, and the right of all men to the control of their persons, exists prior to law and is inalienable.”
By this time, the abolitionists were firmly in control, and it was all but decided that Kansas would become a free state. But this certainty did not deter a vigorous and often bitter debate. The slavery proponents were shrewd. They resisted attempts to put them on record supporting amendments to the section such as “except negroes and mulattoes” and “except persons of color.” Instead of insisting that Kansas adopt the pro-slavery position, they appealed to the idea of adhering to federal supremacy—in this case the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. They declared the new constitution destined for failure and too radical for purporting to recognize “all men” as free. After all, how could “all men” residing within the boundaries of the newly formed state be free if they were runaway slaves?
Abolitionist, Dr. James Blunt, recognizing the underhanded tactics of his opponents rose and spoke purposefully against them...
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